00See prices+
Home / Guides / Cartridge heavy metal testing
Guide

Heavy metals in vape cartridges: what testing to demand

By C. Chai, director, UIC International B.V. Published 2026-08-20, last updated 2026-08-21. How we write these.

Vape cartridge heavy metal testing is a document problem as much as a laboratory one. Most reports that circulate in this trade are unusable, and the reasons they are unusable are consistent enough to check against a list.

Two different tests, often confused

A bulk composition test measures what the materials of the hardware are made of. The sample is digested and analysed, and the answer is a set of concentrations in the material. A leachate or migration test is different: the hardware is exposed to oil or to a defined simulant under stated conditions of temperature and time, and the liquid is then analysed for what transferred into it.

The two answer different questions. Composition tells you what is present. Migration tells you what moves. A clean composition result does not on its own establish what a filled product will contain after weeks on a shelf, and a migration result taken under mild conditions does not describe a cartridge left in a hot vehicle. When a report lands, the first thing to establish is which of the two it is, and under what conditions.

Where metals come from in a cartridge

A 510 cartridge is an assembly of several materials in contact with oil and with heat. The candidates are the metal base and threads, plated or coated surfaces, joints and any solder or braze, the heating element and its leads, and the seals. Brass alloys used in fittings can contain lead by design, which is why the alloy specification of the base is worth asking about rather than assuming.

Material choice in the parts that touch oil narrows the exposure. Dense, inert ceramics absorb nothing and shed nothing, which is one reason they appear in the oil path; that comparison is in zirconia, ceramic and quartz cartridge cores. Architecture matters too, because a postless design changes which joints sit in the oil path, as set out in postless versus pillar 510 cartridges.

Which elements get screened

Lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury are the four that appear on nearly every panel used in this sector. Extended panels commonly add chromium, nickel, copper, antimony and zinc. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is the usual analytical technique for trace levels, with optical emission spectrometry used where concentrations are higher.

RoHS is a separate instrument and covers different ground. It restricts lead, mercury, cadmium and hexavalent chromium among other substances in electrical and electronic equipment. A RoHS declaration is not a heavy metals report and neither substitutes for the other. Ask for both, and keep them filed separately.

What a certificate of analysis has to contain

Thresholds differ by market, by product category and by whether the article is regulated as a consumer product, a medical device or something else. This page does not state limits, because the applicable number is a question for your regulatory adviser and your competent authority. What follows is about whether the document itself can be relied on at all.

Certificate of analysis, what to require
What to requestWhy it mattersA weak answer looks like
Accredited laboratory and scopeISO/IEC 17025 accreditation is granted for named tests, not for a whole labA logo, or "our lab is certified" with no scope named
Lot and sample identityA report you cannot tie to your delivery proves nothing about itNo lot number, no date of receipt, no sample description
Test type, stated explicitlyComposition and migration answer different questionsA report that never says which was performed
Exposure conditionsMigration results depend on temperature, time and medium"Leach test passed" with no conditions given
Element list with numeric resultsYou need the value, not a verdict written by the supplierA pass or fail column and no concentrations
Limit of quantitation per element"Not detected" is meaningless without the detection floorND with no LoQ stated
Method referenceLets a second lab reproduce the workNo method named, or a method that does not match the matrix

What to ask a supplier for

Put the request in writing and ask for it against a named lot rather than as a general reassurance. Ask for the alloy specification of the metal parts, the material of every component in the oil path, and confirmation of whether any solder or braze is present in that path. Ask whether testing is performed per production lot, periodically, or once at qualification, and ask to see the most recent report with its date. A supplier who tested once in 2022 and has changed factory since is telling you very little.

Ask a second question that most buyers skip: who holds the retained samples, and for how long. If a complaint arrives eighteen months after delivery, a retained sample from that lot is the only thing that settles it.

What we supply and what we do not claim

CE, RoHS, REACH and EU Battery Regulation documentation is available on request, along with WEEE support for the EU market. We do not publish thresholds or interpret them for your market, and we do not assess your filled product. Empty Vapes supplies empty hardware; the party placing the filled product on the market carries the finished-product obligations. The division of responsibility is set out on the compliance page. MOQ starts at around 500 units with no container minimums and made-to-order runs take around six weeks, so a qualification batch for your own independent testing is a normal order rather than an exception.

FAQ

What does heavy metal testing on a vape cartridge measure?
There are two different tests and they answer different questions. A bulk composition test measures what the materials are made of. A leachate or migration test exposes the hardware to oil or a simulant under stated conditions and then measures what transferred into it. Ask which one a report describes, because a clean composition result does not by itself tell you what migrates in use.
Which elements are usually screened?
Lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury are the four that appear on nearly every panel. Extended panels often add chromium, nickel, copper, antimony and zinc. RoHS separately restricts lead, mercury, cadmium and hexavalent chromium among other substances, so a RoHS declaration and a heavy metals report are not the same document.
What should I ask a hardware supplier for?
Ask for a report from an ISO/IEC 17025 accredited laboratory that names its accreditation scope, identifies the lot tested, states whether it is a composition or a migration test, names the analytical method, and gives a numeric result and a limit of quantitation for every element. Ask separately for the RoHS and REACH documentation for the article.

Sources

Trade guidance for B2B buyers, not legal advice. We sell empty hardware only; you are responsible for the fill and for finished-product compliance in your market.

Source the hardware behind this guide

Browse the range in the shop, full specs, trade pricing after a free account, and CE and compliance docs on request.

Browse the catalogue
Enquiry reply1 working day
Pricingindicative up front
ComplianceCE / RoHS / WEEE
BrandingOEM available
ContactTrade only

Tell us what you need.

Give us the hardware, the quantity and the market. We reply with a price, a specification and a lead time. A request for a quote is not an order.

Trade enquiries only. Empty hardware, no cannabinoids or e-liquid. We never share your details.

Empty hardware only. No cannabinoids and no e-liquid. We sell to companies only.

Browse catalogue